Gustav Mahler Austria (1860-1911)
グスタフ･マーラー (1860-1911) は、交響曲と歌曲で最もよく知られているウィーンの作曲家兼指揮者です。彼は音楽史においてロマン派（1820-1900）または後期ロマン派に分類されています。(English) Gustav Mahler (1860-1911) was a Viennese composer and conductor best known for his symphonies and lieder. He is classified in music history as a Romantic (1820-1900) or late Romantic.
Gustav Mahler Austria (1860-1911)
//Summary - Level-C2//
Gustav Mahler (1860-1911) was a renowned Austrian composer and conductor best known for his symphonies and songs. Born into a Jewish family in Bohemia, he experienced several personal hardships, including losing many siblings in childhood, which influenced his work. Despite his father's initial hope that he would join the family business, Mahler's musical talent was recognised early on, leading to a formal musical education in Vienna. Mahler's career spanned several roles, including conductor at several theatres and director of the Vienna Court Opera. His personal life was marked by his marriage to Alma Schindler, with whom he had a tumultuous relationship. Despite health problems and personal tragedies, Mahler continued to compose until he died in 1911.
<The Life>
1)
Gustav Mahler (1860-1911) was a Viennese composer and conductor best known for his symphonies and lieder.
He is classified in music history as a Romantic (1820-1900) or late Romantic.
2)
He was born on 7 July 1860 in Bohemia, part of the Austrian Empire, the second child of Bernhard Mahler and Marie Hermann.
He had Jewish parents, his father a coachman, and a low-income family. His family soon moved to Iglau in Moravia (now Jihlava in the Czech Republic).
3)
His father single-handedly established the -flourishing brandy industry, gradually stabilising the family's livelihood.
Fourteen children were born, but seven brothers and sisters died in childhood, 5 of them of diphtheria, the eldest son also died early, and Gustav Mahler was brought up as the eldest son.
The sixth, Ernest, was a blind brother who suffered a long illness and died at twelve. His death was a painful experience for young Gustav.
In addition, the discord between his parents and the racial prejudice against Jews greatly impacted Mahler.
4)
His father became a successful businessman, strong in character, energetic, arrogant and competitive. He was very ambitious and instilled the same dream in his children.
In his private life, he was a reader with a library of books.
Many Christian Germans lived in England then, with surprisingly few ethnic conflicts.
5)
His father, as a Jewish petty bourgeois in Eglau, had extensive contact with the Germans and gave his children a similar education.
As a Jew, Gustav spoke German from childhood and sang as a choirboy in the local Christian church.
6)
Marie was the daughter of a Jewish soap-maker and married her father, Bernhardt, when she was 20.
The marriage was inter-family, as was standard at the time, and they were blessed with many children.
Her mother, Marie, had a heart problem and was born lame, and unlike her educated husband, Bernhard, she was not her ideal parent.
Mahler maintained extreme affection for this mother of his throughout his life.
7)
His paternal grandmother had been a pedlar from 18, selling large baskets on her back.
In her later years, she was found guilty of violating the law regulating peddling and was sentenced to severe punishment. But she immediately appealed directly to Emperor Franz Joseph I of Vienna.
The Emperor, moved by her physical strength and advanced age of eighty, granted her a pardon. Mahler's wife, Alma, later attributed Mahler's adamant character to this grandmother.
8)
1864 (4 years old) By this time, according to Mahler's recollections, he was skilfully playing the accordion.
In 1865 (age 5), when he went to his maternal grandparent's house, he disappeared, and after a long search, Mahler was found playing the piano in his attic.
9)
It was then that his father realised that Gustav was a musician.
His father expected his son to take over his business, but Gustav's father quickly recognised his musical talents and sought a better musical education.
10)
He studied at the Gymnasium in Eglau from 1869 to 1875, and on 13 October 1870 (aged 10), he gave his first solo piano recital in the town of Eglau.
In 1875 (aged 15), he entered the Musikverein Conservatory in Vienna (now the University of Music and Performing Arts in Vienna). There he studied piano with Epstein, harmony with Fuchs and composition with Krenn.
11)
His blind and ill brother Ernst died that year.
In 1876 (aged 16), she won the prize for piano interpretation, and in 1877 (aged 17), for composition.
In 1877 (aged 17), he met Bruckner at the premiere of his 'Symphony No. 3' and attended his lectures at the University of Vienna.
From that moment on, a deep relationship began between the two.
12)
In 1878 (at 18), he was awarded the composition prize of the Vienna Alumni Association Conservatory, graduating on 11 July.
On his graduation, he completed the cantata Lamentation, which he had begun composing in 1890. But unfortunately, he seems to have destroyed some chamber music pieces from this period or lost himself.
13)
He began conducting in 1880.
It also began Mahler's unique musical composing activity during his holidays and off-season.
He became a conductor in the following order and began his conducting activities with an emphasis on opera.
1880 Theatre conductor in the spa town of Hull near Linz in the summer
1881 Conductor of the Ljubljana (now Ljubljana, capital of Slovenia)
1883 Theatre conductor in Olmutz (now Olomouc, Czech Republic)
1885 Conductor of the Kassel Court Theatre (now Kassel State Theatre), Germany
14)
In 1884 (aged 24), he asked Hans von Bülow for an apprenticeship but was refused.
In June of the same year, he conducted Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 in D minor, Op. 125 (composed 1822-24) and Mendelssohn's Oratorio St. Paul, Op. 36 (premiered 1836) at the Music Festival and was successful.
15)
In January 1885 (aged 25), he completed a collection of songs, Wandering Youth Songs (4 pieces, composed 1883-85).
In that year (1884), when he became conductor of the German Theatre in Prague, he was in extreme poverty.
16)
1885, Conductor of the German Theatre in Prague, 1886 (age 26) From August to 1888, he worked successively as a conductor at the Leipzig Opera.
During this time, he saw the premiere of Wagner's Parsifal in Bayreuth.
Also, this year, he composed The Mysterious Horn of the Boy (12 pieces, 1892-98).
1888 (aged 28) In this year, the first draft of Symphony No. 1 in D Major <Giant> (composed 1884-88) was completed.
17)
In October 1888, he signed a 10-year contract with the Royal Opera House in Budapest, Hungary, and became its artistic director.
In January 1889 (aged 29), he premiered the complete production of Wagner's Rheingold and Valkyrie to great acclaim.
His father died in February, and his mother and sister in October. However, he was caught between the supporters of Italian opera and popular opera. He clashed with the side of the Budapest Royal Theatre, and he resigned after only two years.
18)
From April 1891 (age 31) to 1897, he was chief conductor of the Hamburg City Opera in Germany.
On 18 December 1894 (aged 34), he completed his Symphony No. 2 in C minor <Resurrection> for soprano and alto solos, mixed chorus, orchestra and organ (composed 1888-94).
On 6 February 1895 (aged 35), his younger brother Otto committed suicide at 21. On 13 December, he gave the first performance of his Symphony No. 2 in C minor <Resurrection> (composed 1888-94).
In 1896 (aged 36), in Steinbach (near Attersee in the Salzkammergut), he wrote Symphony No. 3 in D minor (composed 1893-96) for alto solo, children's choir, mixed choir and orchestra.
During this period, not only did he conduct, but he also composed.
He also had a close relationship with R. Strauss, Bülow and others. In 1892 he made a guest appearance in London, where he successfully conducted the first full-length performance of Wagner's Ring des Nibelungen.
19)
In the spring of 1897 (aged 36), he converted from Judaism to Roman Catholicism. In May of the same year, on the recommendation of Brahms (who died on 3 April), he was appointed the first conductor and music director of the Vienna Court Opera.
He was appointed General Director (then called Artistic Director) for life in October.
In 1898 (aged 38), he became conductor of the Vienna Philharmonic.
In 1899 (aged 39), he built a villa in Maiernigg, on Lake Wörthersee in southern Austria, and began his Symphony No. 4 in G major for soprano solo and orchestra (composed 1899-1900).
20)
It was a hectic ten years as a conductor, and it was tough for him to find time to compose.
Nevertheless, he reached the maturity of his creative works and "Symphonies Nos. 4 to 8" (composed 1899-1906), "Five Songs by Rückert" (written 1901-03), "Song in Memory of the Dead Child" (1901-04) were born.
It is said that Alma complained about the Song in Memory of the Dead Child, saying that it was not auspicious. But in 1907, his eldest daughter died at the age of four.
21)
In April 1901 (aged 41), he had a bad relationship with the Viennese public and critics and resigned as conductor of the Vienna Philharmonic (he continued his duties at the Court Opera).
On 10 November, he met Alma at the salon of the University of Vienna.
22)
Alma is said to have come from a noble family in Vienna.
Her father, a famous landscape painter, died when Alma was thirteen. Her mother remarried her husband's student, but Alma hated his new father.
It is said that many artists came and went around the beautiful Alma, who was in her prime. Rumour has it that her first love was the painter Klimt.
23)
According to Alma's diary, Mahler and Alma met on 10 November 1901 in the salon of a professor at the University of Vienna.
Mahler was 41 and Alma 23.
On 20 December, Mahler proposed in a letter, asking, "Is it impossible to think of my music as your music?"
This was to ask Alma to stop composing.
24)
Alma studied composition with Zemlinsky and wrote 14 songs, after which she stopped composing.
On 27 December, she announced her engagement. On 30 December, she wrote that she was "half-committed today" with "pure and holy feelings" but called herself a virgin and did not want to comply with Mahler's request.
25)
4 January 1902 "A joy beyond joy!" Alma wrote in her diary.
They married early, on 9 March 1902, in the Karlskirche in Vienna, avoiding the press.
Mahler, 41, and Alma, 23, were 18 years apart.
She was one of six guests, and by this time, Alma was pregnant with their eldest daughter, Anna.
During the summer, he completed Symphony No. 5 in C-sharp minor (composed in 1901-02) at their villa in Maiernich. On 3 October, their eldest daughter Anna was born.
26)
In 1903 (aged 43), he was decorated by Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria.
Their second daughter, Anna Justine, is born.
In April 1904 (aged 44), Schönberg and Zemlinsky founded the Society of Creative Musicians, with Mahler as honorary president.
27)
During the summer, at his cottage in Maiernich, he wrote: "Symphony No. 6 in A minor <Tragic>" (composed in 1903-04) and "Symphony No. 7 in E minor <Night Song>" (written in 1904-05). In addition, he composed two 'Nachtgesänge', the second and fourth movements.
In the summer of 1905 (at the age of 45), in the composer's cottage in Maienich, the 1st, 3rd and 5th movements of "Symphony No. 7 in E Minor <Night Song>" (composed in 1904-05) were completed. The name "Nachtlied" is derived from the "Nachtlied" of the second and fourth movements.
28)
On 12 July 1907 (aged 47), her eldest daughter Maria Anna died of diphtheria. She was four years and nine months old.
Mahler himself was diagnosed with a heart condition.
The Emperor of Vienna dismissed him as music director of the Vienna Court Opera (1897-1907).
The reason is unknown, but he was believed to be driven into a feud with the orchestra members.
29)
In December, the Metropolitan Opera invited him to the United States.
He also travelled to the United States as a local Philharmonic Society conductor.
Mahler's successes here were operas by Mozart, Wagner and Smetana and several Bruckner symphonies.
Despite his declining health, he wrote a symphony for solo group 8 (3S, 2A, T, Br, Bs), a mixed chorus of 2 groups, a boys' choir and a large orchestra (more than five orchestras). In addition, he completed No. 8 in E flat major <Symphony of a Thousand> (composed 1906-07, premiered 1910).
30)
In 1908 (aged 48), he became conductor of the Metropolitan Opera in New York but returned to Vienna in May.
At Toprach (then Dobbiaco in the Dolomite Alps, Italy, then Austrian territory), he completed the Symphony <Song of the Earth> (composed in 1908) for solo 2 (T and A = or Br) and orchestra (4 orchestras). ). He uses the theme of the Chinese musical sequence C-E-G-A ⇒ A-G-E in every movement. In the autumn, he returned to the United States.
31)
In 1909 (aged 49), he became conductor of the New York Philharmonic Orchestra but returned to Europe in the spring.
In the summer, he began work in Toprach on his Symphony No. 9 in D major (composed in 1909), completing it in about two months.
He left for the United States in October and returned to Europe in April 1910 (aged 50).
32)
The obsessive-compulsive symptoms of having to make sure that Alma, his wife, 18 years his junior, was by his side all night and of having vulgar music come to his mind while he was composing sublime melodies, and he was suffering from a neurological symptom that disturbed his mind.
According to Freud, it was due to childhood experiences that her wife wanted her father, and her husband wanted her mother.
A dramatic improvement can be seen in Freud.
33)
Only then did Mahler arrange for Alma's work to be published by Universal, with whom he had a contract.
On 12 September, he gave the first performance of Symphony No. 8 <Symphony for a Thousand> in Munich under his direction.
The enthusiastic response was the first and last thing I saw of him as a composer shortly before his death.
34)
In February 1911 (age 50), his deteriorating health, which had already begun in Vienna, was diagnosed as streptococcal blood poisoning.
He returned to Vienna in May, was admitted to a sanatorium and died on 18 May, six weeks before his 51st birthday. He is buried in the cemetery at Grinzing.
Mahler People and Music
<Human>
//Summary -Level-C2//
Born in Iglau, Bohemia, Gustav Mahler faced challenges to his identity as a Jew and a Bohemian, particularly during a turbulent period in Austrian history. Although he was a celebrated conductor in Vienna, his compositions were not so well received at home, most premiering in Germany. Nevertheless, Mahler's works blended the old and the new, and his orchestration significantly influenced 20th-century music. In his later years, he incorporated polytonal and atonal elements, possibly under the influence of Schoenberg. Despite his demanding approach to conducting, which led to his dismissal from the Vienna Court Opera, Mahler's tenure marked a golden age for the institution.
Alma Maria Mahler-Werfel, a talented and beautiful woman, was the wife of Gustav Mahler. Despite initial resistance due to Mahler's Jewish heritage, his debts and their age difference, the couple married in 1902. Alma supported Mahler's work, but their relationship soured, and Alma began a relationship with the architect Gropius. After Mahler's death, Alma married Gropius and later the younger Werfel. During the Second World War, Alma and Werfel fled to the USA, where Alma ran a music salon and wrote about her life with Mahler.
A)
1875 (15 years old), Mahler entered the Musikverein in Vienna (now the University of Music and Performing Arts in Vienna).
B)
Mahler said he had no home. He was a Bohemian among Austrians, an Austrian among Germans and a Jew among all the world's peoples.
The period in which Mahler was born and grew up was tumultuous, in which Austria, long the leader of the German nation-state, was excluded from a united Germany by Prussia after its total defeat in the Austro-Prussian War.
C)
Mahler was born in Iglau, Bohemia, Austria (now Jihlava, Czech Republic).
In addition, Austria had been forced by Augreich to make significant concessions to the Hungarians in domestic affairs. It was in a particular state with many non-German areas, such as the Czech Republic, but Austria was on a downward trend then.
Mahler spent most of his life in Vienna at the end of this complicated century. Despite his high status as a conductor, he was not appreciated in Vienna as a composer, and his ten symphonies had seven works premiered in Germany. Throughout his life, Mahler seems to have maintained a strong awareness that his Jewishness was a significant reason for his lack of acceptance as a musician.
D)
In his last years in New York, when asked by a German newspaper reporter who he was, he said he was a bohemian.
Bohemian is a term used to describe people from the Bohemian region, Roma people and people who lead a bohemian life. Mahler probably said it with irony and self-irony.
<The work>
E)
In general, Mahler's works are a mixture of the old and the slightly new.
He makes full use of sonata-like formal elements, repeats and uses multiple layers of themes, and suddenly finds his pieces used in other works, fragments of folk songs, military bands, hand-cranked organs, hammers and different concrete sounds.
F)
It also appears it had been stuck together without mixing and melting.
I feel Mahler's playfulness and modernity in this style of calligraphy. But, above all, Mahler's orchestral music is the organisation's size and time passage.
G)
As for the symphony, "Symphony No. 1" is composed of 3 winds, the others are composed of 4 winds, and "Symphony No. 8" is composed of 5 winds, the largest in the history of music, and a sizeable vocal club (8 people. Solo group, two groups of mixed choir and boys' choir).
H)
The musical-historical evaluation of Mahler's orchestral works is probably also the skill of the orchestration method.
The excellent combination of large orchestra and chamber music greatly influenced the orchestral works of the following 20th century.
He was probably one of the last composers active in the symphonic field, which lasted from the middle of the 18th century to the beginning of the 20th century.
I)
In addition, elements of pessimism, impermanence and resignation to life that appear in his symphonies such as "Song of the Earth" and "Symphony No. 9" cannot be found in "Symphony No. 8".
The relationship between Mahler, who has been described as schizophrenic, and his work is also enjoyable.
Nevertheless, the 'Lied von der Erde' expresses the sadness and suffering of life and also contains a little of the joy of youth.
The third movement, 'On Youth', based on Chinese poetry by Li Bai, is genuinely witty. It is relatively light and playful.
J)
The title of this symphony, "The Song of the Earth", is translated as "Song of the Earth", but it seems a bit pompous.
In other words, it refers to this world as opposed to a different one, and I think it has the meaning of the present one.
K)
The Lamentation cantata is symphonic but not a symphony.
On the other hand, the symphony "Song of the Earth" is a work that should be called a song with large-scale orchestral music, even though he calls it a symphony.
Many of Mahler's songs also have orchestral accompaniment. This is one of the characteristics of Mahler's work.
Should there be no barrier between Mahler's symphonies and songs? Perhaps it is better to say that there is a unity.
L)
This is particularly evident in the Symphony No. 5, Symphony No. 7 and Symphony No. 9.
In his later years, polytonal and atonal elements gradually increased. This may be due to the influence of the younger Schoenberg.
Although he never gave up Schoenberg's music, he did not deny it and hoped it would become the music of the coming era.
M)
Around the 1970s, the neo-romantic music of the 20th century began to appear in the frequent performances of Mahler's works.
With the stagnation and retreat of 20th-century avant-garde music, Mahler can be seen as a pioneer of neo-romanticism. So naturally, the movement to consider Mahler as meaningful seems to have increased.
N)
Mahler appreciates the talent of Schönberg, who is 14 years his junior and forms a deep friendship with him.
Mahler attended the premieres of his String Quartet No. 1 and his Chamber Symphony No. 1 in E major.
At the former, he shouted at one of the jeering members of the audience and almost got into a fight.
At the latter, he ostentatiously shouted at the audience as they left their seats. Then, at the end of the performance, amid boos, he applauded resolutely until the rest of the audience had gone.
O)
When Mahler came home from the concert, he told Alma he didn't understand Schönberg's music but might be right.
He said he might not be able to keep up with his music.
Schoenberg initially disliked Mahler's music but later changed his mind.
Although he disapproved of Mahler's music, he seems to have been able to respect Mahler's uncompromisingly honest and straightforward outlook and attitude, as well as his generosity.
<Conductor>
P)
He converted from Judaism to Catholicism at age 37 (1897). He became the first conductor of the Vienna Court Opera and, soon afterwards, general director.
There was much speculation and misunderstanding at this time, but later his wife Alma said Mahler had no such calculation and was due to the true faith.
Q)
At 47 (1907), he was dismissed for life by imperial decree from Vienna for reasons never made clear.
Mahler's commanding manner was one of thorough and detailed interpretation to the point of nervousness.
As a result, it is said the opera house and the Vienna Philharmonic entered a golden age. But the members began to rebel.
R)
Mahler's severity did not decrease, and it is said that he dismissed 60 members, about half of the orchestra, during his 10-year tenure at the Vienna Court Opera.
Because of Mahler's determined personality, the orchestra members have a high-handed attitude to Mahler, stamping their feet if they can't stand it in rehearsal and waving a baton at a member with a bad pitch or a wrong part.
On the other hand, indeed, the reason for the dismissal of the Vienna Court Opera was also a financial problem. It is said that the supremacy of art without financial consideration has reached its limit.
<About ALMA as his wife>
S)
Alma Maria Mahler-Werfel Austria (1879-1964), later used by Alma.
It bears the surname of her third marriage, Werfel, rather than the name of her second marriage, Gropius.
The three people Alma married were heavyweights of modern culture. Her maiden name was Alma Maria Schindler.
T)
The daughter of the landscape painter Emil Jacob Schindler (1842-1892), said to have come from a noble family in Vienna, Alma's father died when she was 13, and her mother became a student of her younger husband, Karl Schindler. She remarried to Mor (1861-1945). Alma loved her late father but not her stepfather.
U)
Her mother came from a wealthy middle-class family and owned an art salon. Alma was a beautiful girl with many talents from childhood.
She attracted many male artists as apprentices in her father's and mother's salons. Rumour has it that Alma's first love was the painter Klimt.
She was a composer, apprenticed to Zemlinsky and began to compose songs. Zemlinsky was more interested in Alma than him, and she seemed to have been interested in Alma for a while.
V)
On 10 November 1900 Alma met Gustav Mahler. Alma initially did not like Mahler, but she accepted his marriage proposal.
There was much opposition from Alma's family and friends. Mahler was a country Jew, heavily in debt and 18 years apart in age.
She also asked Alma to stop composing and to be her dedicatee. The engagement was kept secret for some time. They married in March 1902, Mahler, 41, and Alma, 23.
W)
At first, Alma sees the importance of supporting Mahler, the artist who will lead the future of the Viennese music scene. Then, however, her debts to Mahler, her views on child-rearing and the fact that they don't get on well together start to worry her.
Alma began to tidy up Mahler's scores and help her husband with his work, but Mahler did not reciprocate her devotion.
When the couple's relationship cooled, Alma met the architect Gropius, who courted her.
She, too, was attracted to Gropius. In his later years, Mahler consulted Freud hoping to repair his relationship with Alma.
Much improved, Mahler signed a contract with Universal to publish Alma's songs.
X)
After Mahler died in 1911, Alma deepened her relationship with the painter Kokoschka and others (Kokoschka's "Bride of the Wind" is said to be a stark depiction of her relationship with Mahler). She remarried the architect Gropius, who had proposed to her during her lifetime but soon divorced.
Their daughter Manon, born to Gropius, was a bright and beautiful girl, but she died at 19 due to poor health. Her Manon was particularly loved by the composer Berg, who wrote the Violin Concerto after Manon's death, dedicating it to the memory of an angel.
Soon after her divorce from Gropius (1929), Alma married the younger Werfel for the third time (1929).
Although Werfel was only interested in Italian opera, especially Verdi, and often denigrated the music of his contemporaries, he had little in common with Alma musically.
Y)
Germany and Austria were annexed in 1938, and during the Second World War (1939-45), Alma and Werfel defected to the United States, where Alma ran a music salon in California.
Many exiled European composers, including Stravinsky, Schoenberg and Korngold, came and went.
In America, Alma wrote "Gustav Mahler: Memoirs and Letters Gustav Mahler: Memoirs and Letters".
Gustav Mahler Austria (1860-1911)) <Lifetime>
https://pietro.music.coocan.jp/storia/mahler_vita_opere.html
Mahler: Symphonies Nos. 10 & 8 Philharmonia Orchestra Giuseppe Sinopoli
https://ototoy.jp/_/default/p/232136
Mahler - Das Lied von der Erde (The Song of the Earth) English Subtitles
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Npy4gjZ81F0&list=RDNpy4gjZ81F0&start_radio=1
Israel Philharmonic Orchestra - Tel Aviv (1972)
Conductor: Leonard Bernstein
Christa Ludwig, mezzo-soprano
René Kollo, tenor
Mahler : Symphony No.8 / Inoue Michiyoshi - Nagoya Mahler Festival Orchestra
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=etJ8JxzjCBA
[Composer Introduction 10] Mahler and the Japanese! Introducing the life and musical charm of the great composer Mahler! Symphony No. 1 "Giant", "Wandering Young Man's Song" with brief commentary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Np3ibJTYkDA&t=3s
Alma Mahler (Unseen Female Composers)
https://wan.or.jp/article/show/7346#gsc.tab=0
Gustav Mahler - Wikipedia
Mahler Sinfonie nr 8 in Es Dur "Sinfonie der Tausend" Giuseppe Sinopoli Philharmonia Orchestra
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CA8UN7JKBSc
Mahler Sinfonie nr 8 in Es Dur "Sinfonie der Tausend" Giuseppe Sinopoli Philharmonia Orchestra
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CA8UN7JKBSc&t=1525s
Gustav Mahler
Sinfonie nr. 8 in Es-Dur "Sinfonie der Tausend"
Symphony No 8 in E♭ of a Thousand
Giuseppe Sinopoli conducts Philharmonia Orchestra
Part I: Veni creator spiritus (invocation of the Holy Spirit): hymn believed to have been written in Latin by Rabanus Maurus in the 9th century.
Part II: A closing scene from Goethe's Faust: the journey of Faust's soul, rescued from the clutches of Mephistopheles, on to its final ascent into Heaven.
Note: the invocation of the Holy Spirit is sung in the Roman Catholic Church during liturgical celebrations on the feast of Pentecost (at both Terce and Vespers). It is also sung at occasions such as the entrance of Cardinals to the Sistine Chapel when they elect a new pope, as well as at the consecration of bishops, the ordination of priests, when celebrating the sacrament of Confirmation, the dedication of churches, the celebration of synods or councils, coronations, the profession of members of religious institutes, and other similar solemn events.
Giuseppe Sinopoli - Wikipedia
Commentary on Mahler's Ninth Symphony
https://tsvocalschool.com/classic/mahler-9/