[Karl Popper Quotes & Quotations] Inspirational quotes from the philosopher of the "open society."
カール・ポパーはオーストリア生まれのイギリスの哲学者（1902年～1994年）で、「批判的合理主義の父」です。 彼は科学的言説の重要な基準として反証可能性を主張し、精神分析、マルクス主義、論理実証主義を批判した。 ポパーは全体主義に反対し、外部の権威ではなく知的権威に基づいて決定を下す開かれた社会を推進しました。 彼は、間違いを修正することで知識と科学が進歩すると信じ、間違いから学ぶことの重要性を強調しました。 ポパーは安定や平等よりも自由の重要性を主張し、真の自由は真の平和につながり、平等には不可欠であると主張しました。 彼は、完璧な社会を約束する理想主義的なビジョンがしばしば抑圧的な政権をもたらすと批判しました。(English) Karl Popper, an Austrian-born British philosopher (1902-1994), is the "father of critical rationalism." He advocated falsifiability as a key criterion for scientific discourse and criticized psychoanalysis, Marxism, and logical positivism. Popper opposed totalitarianism and promoted open societies, where decisions are based on intellectual authority rather than external authority. He emphasized the importance of learning from mistakes, believing that knowledge and science advance through correcting errors. Popper argued for the importance of freedom over stability and equality, contending that true freedom leads to genuine peace and is essential for equality. He criticized idealistic visions that promise a perfect society, often resulting in oppressive regimes.
[Karl Popper Quotes] Inspirational quotations by the philosopher of the "open society".
Karl Popper: 28 July 1902 to 17 September 1994
A)
Karl Popper Profile:
Karl Raimund Popper was an Austrian-born British philosopher, sometimes described as the "father of critical rationalism".
He was a professor at the London School of Economics.
He also worked in social and political philosophy and advocated falsifiability as a prerequisite for pure scientific discourse.
He criticised psychoanalysis and Marxism; around them, he criticised logical positivism from a falsificationist point of view, although he did not join the Vienna Circle.
He also actively criticised totalitarianism in "open societies".
B)
Popper was born in 1902 to a middle-class family in Vienna.
His parents, who were Jewish, had converted to Christianity and Popper was also educated in the Lutheran Church.
He received his doctorate in philosophy from the University of Vienna in 1928, and from 1930, he taught at secondary schools for six years.
A year later, he criticised psychological, naturalism, inductivism and logical positivism in The Logic of Scientific Research.
C)
In 1937, as the threat of Nazi annexation of Austria grew, he emigrated to New Zealand and became a lecturer in philosophy at the University of Canterbury in Christchurch.
The Open Society And Its Enemy was written during this period.
After the Second World War, he moved to England and became a professor at the London School of Economics after holding a lectureship in the scientific method.
From 1958 to 1959, he was editor-in-chief of the journal of the Aristotelian Society.
In 1965, he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II, and eleven years later, he was made a Fellow of the Royal Society (for outstanding contributions to advancing knowledge in the natural sciences, including mathematics, engineering and medicine).
D)
Although he retired from academia in 1969, his academic influence continued until he died in 1994.
He was also a member of the Society of Humanism and described himself as an agnostic despite his respect for Judeo-Christian moral education.
Popper's contributions to the philosophy of science include
Recognising the boundary between pseudoscience and science is a central issue in the philosophy of science.
He advocated a scientific method based on falsifiability.
He proposed a non-accumulative view of science.
He argued about the nature of knowledge from an evolutionary perspective.
He developed a new theory of probability.
E)
Famous Quotes By Karl Popper:
He could fly because he dreamed of flying.
When I hear the words of such a philosopher, I involuntarily brace myself. But these words strangely come to mind.
F)
Things are uncertain, and people always make mistakes.
So you have to admit your mistakes and correct them all the time.
There is no clear, correct answer because you are dealing with uncertain things.
In other words, it is natural to make mistakes, so you should admit them every time and repeat the correction.
G)
Knowledge develops, and science advances because we can learn from our mistakes.
Learning is learned by acknowledging and correcting mistakes and failures.
Since then, knowledge has spread, and science has progressed to the present day.
H)
The meaning of life is not something hidden somewhere to be found and discovered.
You have to give meaning to your life.
Anyway, it's a difficult thing to say, so it's probably called "finding" or "discovering", but in the end, what you should find and give to yourself is indeed the "meaning of life".
I)
Science is one of the few human activities, if not the only one.
Mistakes are systematically criticised and corrected relatively often and quickly.
So, in science, we often learn from our mistakes and can speak clearly and wisely about progress.
Interpreting the words that have appeared so far...
As long as we live in a world of uncertainty, human beings are bound to make mistakes, and we must constantly correct them.
Science has progressed by faithfully repeating this process, and according to Karl Popper, science is human activity itself... is that so?
J)
In an open society, people learn to be somewhat critical of taboos and to base their decisions on the authority of their intellect.
When we say "authority", we mean external and internal authority, which is our intelligence. Karl Popper seems to have thought that decisions should be made according to the latter source.
K)
Plan for freedom, not just stability.
Only freedom can strengthen stability.
There is a way of thinking that freedom and stability are mutually exclusive. A situation of complete freedom threatens stability, and robust stability limits freedom.
For example, if the government restricts things, it limits freedom to that extent.
Karl Popper is an uncontroversial advocate of freedom, arguing that only true freedom can lead to proper stability.
L)
Liberty is more important than equality.
An attempt to understand that equality threatens freedom and that if space is lost, there is no equality in the absence of space.
This is also a word unique to Karl Popper, who emphasises freedom.
Freedom is essential to equality, and we must not be inconvenienced if we advocate equality.
M)
When I talk about reason and rationalism, I want to convey the belief that we can learn from our mistakes and criticism of our mistakes, especially from others, and later from self-criticism.
Many of the words presented here seem to be consistent in their meaning.
I think he emphasises that things are uncertain and fluid, even in terms of reason, and therefore, progress is made by correcting errors and mistakes.
N)
If God had wanted to create everything in this world from the beginning, he would have made a world without change, without experience of living things, evolution, people and change.
But even God seems to have thought that a living world, where unexpected things happen, would be more interesting than a dead one.
A world that was perfect from the beginning does not need change and is as dead as it is.
But are you saying that the real world is alive, that it's constantly changing, and that it's interesting to experience it?
O)
Those who guaranteed us paradise on earth have only produced hell.
The phrase seems to be a criticism of idealism that seeks perfection. Its typical target is also considered to be fascism.
P)
Genuine ignorance is not the lack of knowledge but the refusal to acquire it.
There seems to be a saying that "not knowing is a sin", but what is wrong is not even trying to know.
[Karl Popper Quotes & Quotations] Inspirational quotes from the philosopher of the "open society."
https://kotodamari.com/maxim-by-karl-popper/
Is falsifiability the essence of science!? [About Karl Popper's claims]
https://neru01.com/hanshokanosei/
Falsifiability [Draw the line between science and pseudoscience]
https://www.y-shinno.com/falsifiability/
Add info NO1)
Karl Popper on the Open Society (1974)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YVnlzYfIAj0
A)
As you say, it is called an open society, and its friends and enemies are mainly the stories nazis and also the ones for communist dictatorship.
Although the communist dictatorship here was allied with us at the time, the open society meant a society saying we, in which one can breathe freely and think freely.
Every human being has value,ue and in which society does not exert any extra constraints on people.
B)
Yes, some societies are more or less open, and some were not open against our Western democracies; even during the war, there were largely open societies.
I have increasingly come to the point where politics has become so complicated and party discipline has become so tight that the party leaders have almost dictatorial powers.
It isn't perfect. It is the fault of all our constitutions that our parliaments are practically omnipotent,t and this practical omnipotence of parliaments really to the effect that the ruling party is almost absolute.
C)
And that will then continue, as I have already indicated to him, to such an extent that the ruling party leader is almost all-powerful.
But for the customers, the idea of the whole of democracy is not to limit and control the power too much power.
That's the basic idea of democracy that distributes masks so that there is not too much influence on one hand, and that can probably be done with relatively simple things.
D)
Making simple constitutional changes to democracy is a big experiment, and the different forms of democracy would have to be tried against each other in one state and another woman.
Nobody can foresee the difficulties and internal contradictions in the colourful legislation.
Through the bill implemented, everything always goes wrong in a way you cannot foresee, but cheerfully, I just that you, because we are in politics, should adopt an attitude.
Add info No2)
Karl Popper's Falsification
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wf-sGqBsWv4
Science is based on fact. Isn't it? Karl Popper believed that human knowledge progresses through 'falsification'. A theory or idea shouldn't be described as scientific unless it could, in principle, be proven false.
1)
You might think that scientists begin with hypotheses such as all swans are white and then look for evidence to support them. Karl Popper disagreed. He suggested that scientists do indeed start with hypotheses bold hypotheses that can be falsified by evidence.
2)
But rather than looking for supporting evidence, Popper argued scientists go out of their way to refute their hypotheses, testing them to destruction. They go out searching for black swans, not more white swans. Science is all about falsification, not confirmation.
3)
It's a series of conjectures and refutations. A former Marxist himself, Popper wasn't fond of Marxism. Marx argued that theirs was a scientific analysis of history. Everything that happened was determined by class struggle, and a worker's revolution was inevitable.
4)
However, when the workers failed to revolt, rather than taking this as a refutation of their view, Marxists suggested workers were simply victims of false consciousness, unable to see the situation as it indeed was Popper fulminated against
5)
This way of dealing with counter-evidence claiming immunized Marxist hypotheses was originally testable, turning them into irrefutable pseudoscience.
No imaginable observation could prove the Marxists were wrong if the work revolted the Marxists were correct. If they didn't repel, that also showed they were right. It was a win-win.